Notes C : Observations / waarnemingen
augustus 12, 2014 6 reacties
← NOTES & Terms
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DIRECTE EN INDIRECTE WAARNEMING (1)
Het is aantoonbaar dat dingen die te ver weg zijn om direct te zien, of te groot zijn om direct te zien, of te klein zijn om direct te zien, of te ver in het verleden om direct te zien, gevolgen kunnen hebben die wel direct waarneembaar zijn.
- Het is hierop dat wetenschap is gebaseerd.
- Het is hierop dat biologie is gebaseerd, net als natuurkunde, chemie, astronomie, Kosmologie
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zie ook =
http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/comdesc/sciproof.html
(1)
Naast de wetenschapspraktijk van het empirisch ( direct en indirirect )waarnemen en verzamelen van tastbaar feiten … is er natuurlijk ook de theoretische wetenschap …..
Beide insteken van en voor kennisvergaring en ordening ( en onderlinge correcties ) gaan samen in de (natuur)wetenschap
- De theoretische wetenschap controleert of er geen fouten zijn gemaakt in zowel de redeneringen als de observaties … Nogal relevant is daarbij (bijvoorbeeld )het ontmaskeren van foutieve gevolgstrekkingen op grond van drogredeneringen //
- zie bijvoorbeeld Notes C ; Causaal en correlatie
NOTA : observaties kunnen ook “vervuild” worden , door illusies waarbij de hersenen ingewikkelde zintuigelijke waarnemingen herleiden tot “bekendere ” herkenbare patronen
bijvoorbeeld
uiteraard zijn ook hier controle en andere benaderingen en insteken …… de remedies om ze weg te filteren uit het uiteindelijke model dat primair was gebaseerd op “waarnemingen ” …..
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De theoretische wetenschap maakt bovendien “voorspellingen ” die moeten uitkomen (= geconstateerd door de (op hun beurt controleerbare )observatie(s )
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Organigram van de “wetenschappelijke methode “
1. What is science?
Science is a way to understand nature by developing explanations for the structures, processes and history of nature that can be tested by observations in laboratories or in the field. Sometimes such observations are direct, like measuring the chemical composition of a rock. Other times these observations are indirect, like determining the presence of an exoplanet through the wobble of its host star. An explanation of some aspect of nature that has been well supported by such observations is a theory. Well-substantiated theories are the foundations of human understanding of nature. The pursuit of such understanding is science.
2. What is religion?
Religion, or more appropriately religions, are cultural phenomena comprised of social institutions, traditions of practice, literatures, sacred texts and stories, and sacred places that identify and convey an understanding of ultimate meaning. Religions are very diverse. While it is common for religions to identify the ultimate with a deity (like the western monotheisms – Judaism, Christianity, Islam) or deities, not all do. There are non-theistic religions, like Buddhism.
3. What is the difference between science and religion?
Although science does not provide proofs, it does provide explanations. Science depends on deliberate, explicit and formal testing (in the natural world) of explanations for the way the world is, for the processes that led to its present state, and for its possible future. When scientists see that a proposed explanation has been well confirmed by repeated observations, it serves the scientific community as a reliable theory. A theory in science is the highest form of scientific explanation, not just a “mere opinion.” Strong theories, ones that have been well confirmed by evidence from nature, are an essential goal of science. Well-supported theories guide future efforts to solve other questions about the natural world.
Religions may draw upon scientific explanations of the world, in part, as a reliable way of knowing what the world is like, about which they seek to discern its ultimate meaning. However, “testing” of religious understandings of the world is incidental, implicit and informal in the course of the life of the religious community in the world. Religious understanding draws from both subjective insight and traditional authority. Therefore, some people view religion as based on nothing more than personal opinion or “blind faith,” and so, as immune to rational thought. However, this is an erroneous judgment. Virtually all of the historic religions include traditions of rational reflection.
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